What does the term "negative symptoms" refer to in psychosis?

The term "negative symptoms" in psychosis refers to behaviors or emotional states that are diminished or lacking in a person, indicating a reduction in normal emotional responses or abilities. These symptoms encompass a range of experiences, including a diminished expression of emotions, lack of motivation, an inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), and social withdrawal. These symptoms contrast with positive symptoms, which involve the presence of abnormal behaviors or thoughts, such as hallucinations or delusions.

The choice focusing on a lack of normal emotional responses or behaviors correctly captures the essence of negative symptoms, highlighting their nature as deficits in functioning or experience rather than the presence of excessive or altered states. This understanding is crucial for assessing individuals with psychosis, as negative symptoms can significantly impact their quality of life and functional abilities.