What is a key feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A key feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the presence of repetitive behaviors or thoughts, commonly referred to as obsessions and compulsions. Individuals with OCD often experience intrusive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) that cause significant anxiety. To alleviate this anxiety, they engage in specific behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) repeatedly. For example, a person might have obsessive thoughts about contamination, leading them to wash their hands excessively as a compulsive action.

This characteristic of repetitive behaviors or thoughts is central to the diagnosis of OCD and distinguishes it from other mental health conditions that may involve mood disorders, social withdrawal, or diminished interest, which highlight different symptoms associated with other conditions rather than the core features of OCD. In contrast, severe mood swings pertain to mood disorders, loss of interest relates to depressive disorders, and withdrawal from social interaction can be associated with anxiety disorders or depression. Thus, recognizing the hallmark symptoms of OCD is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment.