Which of the following is classified as a second-generation antidepressant?

Citalopram is classified as a second-generation antidepressant, specifically belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) category. This class of medications primarily works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can help improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Second-generation antidepressants, like SSRIs, generally have a more favorable side effect profile compared to first-generation antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Citalopram, along with other SSRIs, is commonly prescribed due to its effectiveness and relative safety compared to older medications.

Duloxetine is also considered a second-generation antidepressant, but it is classified as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), distinguishing it from the SSRIs like citalopram. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), representing a different class that's typically not a first-line treatment due to dietary restrictions and potential side effects. Imipramine, on the other hand, is a tricyclic antidepressant from the first generation, having a different mechanism of action and side effect profile.

Therefore, understanding the categorization of antidepressants is crucial in mental health nursing, as